MATERIA: INGLES
PROFESOR: EDUARDO AGUIRRE
5°A

MEZA GONZALEZ KATIA MARLEN
PEÑA TORRES SANDRA MARIBEL
RIVERA HERNANDEZ CARMEN KRISTAL
HERNANDEZ AMATITLA KAREN

Maya gods

Ah Kin> The Sun God

Chaac > The God of Water

Ek Chuac > The God of trade

Itzamna > The God of Wisdom

Ix U > The God of the moon

Ixchel > The God of medicine

Ixtab >The God of suicide

The Snake God

Kauil >The God of Fire

Xaman Ek > The God of the star

Yum Cimil > The God of Death

Yum Kaax > The Maize God

Maya Economy and Agriculture

The Maya based their economy mainly on trade in agriculture, but the hunting of wild animals and collecting forest products were also important activities. 

Maya Agriculture also relied on growing corn. Major fieldwork were cut and burned, to prepare the land for planting. This type of extensive agriculture required a plentiful land, since lowered productivity karstic region of the earth with a thin layer of mulch on top. This was necessary to change the land by planting every four years.The population increase during the Early and Late Classic Period at Tikal, forced the leaders to find alternatives to high-yielding crops. Intensive methods were introduced that made ​​use of irrigation in Tikal, through channels and upland agriculture related hydraulic supplemented with vegetable gardens, fruit trees. His intensive agriculture, which used special techniques associated with hydraulic engineering, also carefully planned, when the whole city was built to collect water in huge tanks, called chultunes that were dug under the ground silos recubiertso stucco to prevent absorption water. This was a great feat of engineering Maya, driven by a need económica.

La agriculture has been the backbone of the economy from pre-Columbian Mayan and corn is the main crop. The Maya also cultivated cotton, beans (beans or bean), camote (sweet potato), cassava and cocoa. The techniques of spinning, dyeing and weaving achieved a high degree of perfection. As a unit of exchange were used cocoa beans and copper bells, material was also used for ornamental work, like gold, silver, jade, seashells and colored feathers.

Mayan dress

The wardrobe includes garments basically Maya handwoven or embroidered. Each with different qualities, such as the type of manufacturing, design, shape motifs and styles of dress. common people have to use clothes more suitable for everyday work, with men who used a class called patí trusa while women wore a skirt called huipil.Samples ostentosidad broader in Mayan garments seen in the aristocracy, where you could see costumes and embroidery designs decorated with colored feathers, accompanied necklaces, belts and other kinds of accessories decorated with gems, even could be found leather sandals. Were used in addition to various minerals ingenious way to dye fabrics and create the very striking aesthetic that we know about.

   Maya pottery

                                                               


Maya Pottery is characterized by the color and the details on. Also, the different techniques used in the pottery are easy to identify from which part of the region and the time of period were made. While Mayas were evolving techniques to have a better live and a stronger civilization; their pottery structure and shape were evolving too. During the Mayan Civilization period, two regions were the most outstanding at that time; the highlands and lowlands. From each region, the pottery had its own characteristics and techniques for making pottery. Also, in the pottery has depicted the different ritual, characteristics of important rules, and social events. Pottery had different characteristics from period to period; each period is easy to identify by the shape and the amount of colors used. For example, the preclassic period vessels or any type of pottery did not have any type of color. They just have a big hole in the middle or gourds shape for carrying liquids and foodstuff. However, during the late preclassic period, the pottery started having legs underneath to hold up and the use of cream-red color was predominant.

Mathematics

Like other Mesoamerican civilizations, the Maya used a numbering system to base 20 (vigesimal) and base 5. Also the Preclassic Maya (or their Olmec predecessors) independently developed the concept of zero around the year 36 BC.

Produced extremely accurate astronomical observations, their diagrams movements of the moon and planets are equal or superior to those of any other civilization working eye. Also, like other Mesoamerican civilizations, the Maya discovered an accurate measure of the length of the solar year, far more accurate than that used in Europe with the Gregorian calendar.

Tikal:

Usumacinta: Buildings such temples in natural elevations (not pyramidal platforms) thick walls, rooms narrow, high false crests Mayan arches and double wall with niches. Example: Yaxchilan, Mexico.

Copan:

Central Petén: From steep pyramids, temples and high hollow crests on hindquarters, two-story palace with thick walls, rooms narrow and low false Mayan arches. 

Architecture

  During this period of Maya culture, the centers of the religious, commercial and bureaucratic grew into incredible cities as the Preclassic El Mirador, Tikal most classic of classic post and Chichen Itza and Uxmal. Because of their many similarities, and their stylistic differences, the remains of Mayan architecture are an important key to understanding the evolution of their ancient civilization.

The Mayans were a sedentary village that was located geographically in the territory of southern México  Guatemala and other parts of Central America. It is especially important the ir presence and influence in the territories of present Guatemala and Belize, with a rich history of over 3,000 years. The ancient Maya were one of the pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures.
The Maya built great temples and cities as Nakbé, San Bartolo (in northern Petén), Tikal, Palenque, Copán, Calakmul and Uaxactún, Piedras Negras. The monuments of the most notable are the Mayan pyramids they built in their religious centers.

We chose this culture because it is one of the most powerful and in our opinion very important, interesting and full of mysteries.

This research aims to investigate various sources of information in order to compare information and to find one goal which is to obtain the most accurate possible in order to have a comprehensive understanding of what the Mayans were in his day and how it has transcended all that to this day.

The Mayan culture was alive for thousands of years before the Spanish conquest, during the Spanish conquest, during the colonial period and after the colony is alive now.

The Maya is a Mesoamerican civilization, noted for the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as for its art, architecture, and mathematical and astronomical systems. Initially established during the Pre-Classic period (c. 2000 BC to AD 250), according to the Mesoamerican chronology, many Maya cities reached their highest state of development during the Classic period (c. AD 250 to 900), and continued throughout the Post-Classic period until the arrival of the Spanish.